A1 Grammar
Complete list of A1 Grammar points with meaning, formation, examples and audio. Tap any point for a full explanation.
- El género: masculino y femenino Every noun is masculine or feminine; articles and adjectives agree with it
- El plural: -s / -es Make nouns plural by adding -s after a vowel, -es after a consonant
- El artículo determinado: el, la, los, las The definite article ('the') agrees in gender and number with its noun
- El artículo indeterminado: un, una, unos, unas The indefinite article ('a/an, some') for something new or non-specific
- El verbo «ser» en presente 'ser' (to be) for identity, origin, and permanent traits
- El verbo «estar» en presente 'estar' (to be) for location, temporary states and feelings
- Pronombres personales de sujeto Subject pronouns (I, you, he…); usually optional because the verb shows the person
- Presente de indicativo: verbos en -ar Regular -ar verbs in the present: drop -ar, add -o/-as/-a/-amos/-áis/-an
- El verbo «gustar» 'gustar' (to like) works backwards: the thing liked is the subject
- Concordancia del adjetivo Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun, usually after it
- Presente de indicativo: verbos en -er / -ir Regular -er and -ir verbs in the present; endings differ only in the 'we/you-all' forms
- El verbo «tener» 'tener' (to have) for possession, and for age (tener … años)
- El verbo «ir» y «ir a + infinitivo» 'ir' (to go); ir a + infinitive expresses the near future ('going to')
- Palabras interrogativas: qué, quién, dónde… Question words (what, who, where…); all carry a written accent
- La negación: no Negate a sentence by putting 'no' right before the verb
- «hay» (haber impersonal) 'hay' means 'there is / there are'; one single form for singular and plural
- Los posesivos: mi, tu, su… Possessive adjectives (my, your, his…) agree with the thing owned, not the owner
- Los demostrativos: este, ese, aquel Demonstratives (this/that) mark distance and agree in gender and number
- Verbos reflexivos: llamarse, levantarse Reflexive verbs carry a pronoun (me, te, se…) matching the subject
- Los números cardinales (0–100) Cardinal numbers 0–100 for counting, age, prices and telling the time
- «muy» y «mucho» 'muy' (very) intensifies adjectives/adverbs; 'mucho' (much/many) quantifies nouns and verbs
- Preposiciones básicas: a, en, de, con Core prepositions: a (to/at), en (in/on/by), de (from/of), con (with)
- La hora: ¿Qué hora es? Telling the time: es la una, son las dos, y cuarto / y media
- Días, meses y fechas Days, months and dates: el lunes, en marzo, el 5 de mayo